Volume I: Millet Biology, Diversity and Production present the scientific foundations of millet cultivation. It begins with a global perspective, highlighting the role of millets in climate-resilient agriculture and their alignment with sustainable development priorities. Subsequent sections explore taxonomy, genetic resources, and species-specific profiles, followed by detailed discussions on crop ecology, physiology, and production technologies. This volume emphasizes both traditional knowledge and modern scientific advances, including genomics and breeding innovations, offering a comprehensive guide to improving productivity and resilience.