Plant Anatomy and Physiology is a comprehensive academic text designed to provide an integrated understanding of the structural organization and functional processes of plants. The book systematically explores the fundamental aspects of plant structure—from cell organization, tissues, and meristems to the detailed anatomy of roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive organs. It further explains key physiological processes including water relations, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, respiration, translocation, and hormonal regulation of plant growth and development. Advanced topics such as stress physiology, plant–water–soil interactions, secondary metabolites, signal transduction, and emerging trends in plant functional biology are also discussed to connect classical plant science with modern biological research. This book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of agriculture, horticulture, forestry botany, plant sciences, and life sciences who require a clear and structured foundation in plant anatomy and physiology.